The side pass is one of the most useful maneuvers a horse can learn. Whether you are navigating a trail gate, opening a latch without dismounting, or simply improving your horse’s lateral suppleness, the side pass is a foundational skill that every rider should master.
It’s easy to get frustrated when your horse seems to move forward instead of across, but the secret lies in clear communication rather than physical force. If you are wondering how to teach a horse to side pass, you have come to the right place. In this guide, we will break down the mechanics of the movement and provide a logical training progression that turns confusion into precision.
Understanding the Mechanics of the Side Pass
Before you get in the saddle, it is essential to understand what a true side pass is. Unlike a leg yield, where the horse moves forward and sideways, a true side pass requires the horse to move directly laterally with their body kept straight, parallel to a fence or imaginary line.
The horse’s legs should cross over—the front leg stepping over the other front leg, and the hind leg stepping over the other hind leg. If your horse is moving forward or turning their nose away from the direction of travel, you have lost the lateral alignment.
Preparation: The Foundation Before the Side Pass
You cannot teach a horse to side pass if they do not understand basic pressure cues. Before attempting this under saddle, ensure your horse is proficient in the following:
- Yielding the hindquarters: Your horse must move their hips away from your leg pressure.
- Yielding the forehand: Your horse must understand how to move their shoulders away from your hand or leg.
- Accepting the bit: Your horse should have a soft, responsive mouth and not lean on your reins.
If your horse tends to "spook" at your leg, spend a few sessions on the ground using a dressage whip to tap their side until they step away. This builds the muscle memory required for the saddle work.
How to Teach a Horse to Side Pass: The Step-by-Step Method
The best way to start is by using a fence or a wall. The barrier acts as a physical deterrent that stops the horse from moving forward, forcing them to consider moving sideways.
1. Positioning at the Fence
Approach a sturdy arena fence at a 90-degree angle. Stop your horse about two feet away from the fence, facing it. Use your leg to encourage the horse to turn and stand parallel to the fence.
2. The Initial Request
Position your leg slightly behind the cinch. Apply steady, pulsing pressure with your inside leg. At the same time, keep your reins firm but soft; do not allow the horse to move forward. If they try to walk forward, use a small bump of the reins to say "no" and return to the pressure.
3. Rewarding the Tiny Tries
The moment your horse moves even one foot laterally away from your leg, release the pressure immediately. This is the most critical step in learning how to teach a horse to side pass. If you hold the pressure too long, the horse becomes desensitized or frustrated.
4. Refining the Movement
Once your horse understands the concept of moving away from the leg, start asking for more steps. Do not expect perfection on day one. Aim for two steps, stop, and reward. Gradually increase the distance until the horse can side pass across the entire length of the arena fence.
Troubleshooting Common Side Pass Mistakes
Training is rarely a straight line. Here are common issues riders face and how to fix them:
- The Horse Moves Forward: This usually happens because you are pulling back on the reins too hard, causing the horse to "lean" into the bit or walk forward to escape the pressure. Maintain a "neutral" rein contact.
- The Horse Turns into the Fence: Your horse is likely anticipating a turn. Keep your hands centered in front of the saddle horn or wither to maintain the horse’s alignment.
- The Horse Is Sluggish: If your horse is ignoring your leg, ensure you are using the correct "phase" of pressure. Start with a light squeeze, and if they don't respond, immediately escalate to a firm tap with your heel or a crop.
Moving Away from the Fence
Once your horse is consistently side passing along a fence, it is time to move into the open arena. Without the fence, the horse will naturally want to walk forward.
Start by riding toward the rail and asking for the side pass just as you arrive. As the days progress, move further away from the rail. Eventually, you will be able to perform a side pass in the center of the arena by simply using your leg pressure and keeping your hands steady to prevent forward motion.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why does my horse keep walking forward when I try to side pass?
This is almost always due to the rider pulling back on the reins too firmly. If you block the forward movement too aggressively, the horse often pushes against your hands. Keep your reins soft and only "check" them if the horse actually takes a step forward.
Should I use spurs for the side pass?
If you are an experienced rider with a quiet leg, spurs can help provide a more precise signal. However, if you are a beginner, it is better to use your heel or a training stick to ensure you don't accidentally "jab" the horse and cause them to rush or bolt.
How long does it take to teach a horse to side pass?
Every horse is different. A horse with a solid foundation in leg pressure might learn the basics in a few sessions. A horse that is stiff or less responsive to aids may take several weeks of consistent, short practice sessions.
Is the side pass the same as a leg yield?
No. In a leg yield, the horse remains slightly bent, looking away from the direction of travel, and moves both forward and sideways. In a side pass, the horse remains straight, looking in the direction they are moving, and moves purely laterally.